DENTAL MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS ON ANTITHROMBOTIC THERAPY

Abstract

The cardiovascular diseases are common and represent the cause of deaths in the world. According to World Health Organization, it is estimated that those are responsible for about 17, 3 million or 30% of total deaths in the world each year. Among cardiovascular diseases, the thrombotic disease is one of the most prevalent. Pharmaceutical strategies to the thrombosis treatment, due to the predominance of platelet and fibrin depending on the type of thrombus, include anti-platelets medicine, anticoagulant and fibrinolitical agents, even though they have different courses of action, they aim to interfere on main steps of forming and maintenance of blood clots, increasing substantially the risk of spontaneous or induced bleedings. The general trend is upward for patients who are being treated with oral anticogulant to be able to undergo dentistry procedures, with no need of any interruption or modification during therapy, yet with emphasis on preventive procedures of local hemostasis. This approach is still controversial to patients which make use of AAS, considering that the action of interrupting the usage some days before the procedure continues to be a prudent course of action in order to reduce the risk of hemorrhage, and differently from anticoagulants, apparently with no damages to the patient. This study focused on describing the procedures to be adopted for a safe dentistry assistance for patients undergoing anticoagulant, antiplatelet or thrombolytic therapy, based on literature review, using books, articles and scientific journals published in electronical databases such as SciELO, MedLine and Lilacs, in English and Portuguese, besides available information in official electronical addresses such as the Brazilian Ministry of Health’s and the World Health Organization’s.