HYPOSALIVATION: ETIOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT

Abstract

The hyposalivation is the decreased salivary flow or when the saliva has a change of its components. Its causes can be linked to many factors such as stress, Sjögren’s syndrome, diabetes mellitus, salivary glands diseases and as a result of head and neck radiotherapy. It might often be associated with prolonged intake of specific medications. The diagnosis is made by sialometry and through clinical signs and symptoms. The treatment in salivation is primarily palliative and preventative, with emphasis on the use of substitute and / or salivary stimulants that can improve the lubrication and hydration of the oral tissues alleviating the discomfort reported by the patients. Currently, pilocarpine, has been suggested as drug of choice for severe cases. This literature review aims to present the etiology and diagnosis of hyposalivation as well as the different treatment protocols of their causes. We conclude that the various protocols for the treatment of hyposalivation should be directed assessing the consequences of changes in salivary flow and its interrelated factors. Therefore, a history and physical examination are important for diagnosis.