SARCOPENIA IN THE ELDERLY: A STUDY REVIEW

Abstract

Sarcopenia is an important problem that affects individuals of the long years which is enhanced by factors related to diseases or inadequate lifestyle. According to the current definition is characterized as a reduction in skeletal muscle mass associated with reduced muscle strength or physical performance. In addition to the negative physical consequences such as increased occurrence of falls and limitations to activities of daily living, can promote systemic changes due to the imbalance between the synthesis and protein degradation. The frequency of sarcopenia in the elderly varies from 3 to 30%, depending on the diagnostic tool and cut points for identification of reduced muscle mass. For measurement of muscle mass variable methods
most used are magnetic resonance, computed tomógrafa, dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, bioelectrical impedance, and anthropometry, existing accuracies and variable costs between them. In relation to muscle strength the main form of measurement is the grip strength obtained in the handgrip. Have physical performance can be quantified through the gait speed test six meters. Forms of treatment for sarcopenia are training exercises progressive resistance and aerobic exercise, and proper nutrition from the point of view calorie,-protein and vitamin D. The lifestyle associated with smoking, physical inactivity and alcohol are triggers loss of muscle mass and function.